← All posts
research
research9 min read
The Identifier Chaos: Europe's 27+ Business ID Formats
EU-27 runs 27+ different business identifier systems. A look at the formats, the EUID attempt, and Directive 2025/25 — Europe's next wave of harmonisation.
research11 min read
The Economics of BEC: Why the Reported Loss Is a Floor, Not a Figure
The FBI reported $2.77B in BEC losses for 2024. Three independent data flows suggest the real number is 10–15x higher. The arithmetic, and why it matters.
research13 min read
The State of Business Identity Data in Europe 2026
Europe has 27 member states, 30+ business registries, zero standard. Inside the 2026 state of business identity data — fragmentation, demand, response.