research
The Real Cost of Cross-Border KYB in Europe Isn't the Fee
Verifying a German GmbH from Spain in 2026 costs nothing and takes seconds. Across five European country pairs, language is the friction — not the fee.
VAT in the Digital Age Standardised Everything — Except Who You're Invoicing
ViDA mandates real-time cross-border B2B e-invoicing by 2030. The fiscal layer is harmonised. The identity layer is not. What that gap looks like in practice.
D&B, Moody's, S&P: Inside the Company Information Oligopoly
Moody's, S&P Global and Dun & Bradstreet now own the company information market. Why $50B in M&A and a decade of open data didn't lower prices.
eIDAS 2.0 Across EU-27: Implementation Status Eight Months Before the Deadline
Eight months before the 2026-12-24 EUDI Wallet deadline, EU-27 Member States split into three readiness tiers. Status, Implementing Acts, business-identity angle.
The Identifier Chaos: Europe's 27+ Business ID Formats
EU-27 runs 27+ different business identifier systems. A look at the formats, the EUID attempt, and Directive 2025/25 — Europe's next wave of harmonisation.
The Economics of BEC: Why the Reported Loss Is a Floor, Not a Figure
The FBI reported $2.77B in BEC losses for 2024. Three independent data flows suggest the real number is 10–15x higher. The arithmetic, and why it matters.
The State of Business Identity Data in Europe 2026
Europe has 27 member states, 30+ business registries, zero standard. Inside the 2026 state of business identity data — fragmentation, demand, response.